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Rad9A (D2J4P) Rabbit mAb #14484

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  • WB

    Supporting Data

    REACTIVITY H
    SENSITIVITY Endogenous
    MW (kDa) 60
    Source/Isotype Rabbit IgG
    Application Key:
    • WB-Western Blotting 
    Species Cross-Reactivity Key:
    • H-Human 

    Product Information

    Product Usage Information

    Application Dilution
    Western Blotting 1:1000

    Storage

    Supplied in 10 mM sodium HEPES (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 100 µg/ml BSA, 50% glycerol and less than 0.02% sodium azide. Store at –20°C. Do not aliquot the antibody.

    Protocol

    Specificity / Sensitivity

    Rad9A (D2J4P) Rabbit mAb recognizes endogenous levels of total Rad9A protein. Based on the amino acid sequence of the immunogenic peptide, this antibody is not expected to cross-react with Rad9B protein.

    Species Reactivity:

    Human

    Source / Purification

    Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Pro31 of human Rad9A protein.

    Background

    DNA damage resulting from genotoxic stress activates cellular checkpoints that prevent or delay cell division until either damaged DNA is repaired or the cell follows an apoptotic pathway. The Rad9 homolog A (Rad9A, Rad9) protein is part of a checkpoint protein complex that acts as an early sensor of DNA damage. Together with the Hus1 and Rad1 checkpoint proteins, Rad9 forms a heterotrimeric 9-1-1 complex with a ring structure similar to the processivity factor PCNA. The 9-1-1 complex induces multiple signaling pathways, including the ATM and ATR-activated DNA repair pathways (1,2). A functional 9-1-1 complex is required for ATR-dependent S phase checkpoint signaling (3).

    The 9-1-1 complex interacts with DNA topoisomerase 2-binding protein 1 (TopBP1) in response to DNA damage, activating ATR and causing signal amplification through further recruitment of TopBP1 (4). The 9-1-1 complex interacts with DNA mismatch repair proteins MSH2, MSH3, and MSH6 to play a role in mismatch repair (5). During an error-free DNA damage tolerance process, the 9-1-1 complex cooperates with polyubiquitinated PCNA and Exo1 nuclease to support switching of the replicative polymerase to the undamaged template (6).

    Research studies indicate that the two Rad9 paralogues (Rad9A and Rad9B) can both functionally complement one another and display distinct biological functions.
    Specifically, Rad9B senses nucleolar stress and causes a delay in the cell cycle at G1/S phase (7).
    For Research Use Only. Not for Use in Diagnostic Procedures.
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